Dampak Konsentrasi Pm2.5 Terhadap Harapan Hidup Di Negara-Negara Asean: Analisis Data Panel Tahun 2005-2020
Keywords:
PM2.5, Polusi udara, Harapan hidup, ASEAN, Data panelAbstract
Polusi udara, terutama PM2.5, menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan masyarakat di ASEAN seiring pesatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi dan industrialisasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh PM2.5 terhadap harapan hidup di sepuluh negara ASEAN periode 2005-2020 menggunakan data panel dari World Development Indicators. Estimasi dengan model Fixed Effects menunjukkan bahwa PM2.5 berpengaruh negatif signifikan, di mana peningkatan 1 μg/m³ PM2.5 menurunkan harapan hidup sebesar 0,145 tahun. Pengeluaran kesehatan per kapita berpengaruh positif signifikan, sementara urbanisasi memberikan dampak positif marginal. Hasil ini menegaskan adanya beban kesehatan yang lebih besar pada negara berpendapatan rendah. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi emisi, peningkatan investasi kesehatan, dan kerjasama regional sebagai langkah strategis untuk meningkatkan harapan hidup dan mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals di kawasan ASEAN
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