Model Harmonisasi Fatwa Blockchain Lintas Yurisdiksi Berbasis Maqashid

Moch. Ainol Kavil; Iskandar Ritonga

Authors

Moch. Ainol Kavil Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel
Iskandar Ritonga Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel

Keywords:

Fatwa Syariah, Blockchain, Aset Kripto, Harmonisasi Hukum, Maqashid Syariah

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi blockchain dan aset kripto menghadirkan tantangan signifikan bagi hukum Islam kontemporer, terutama dalam fiqh muamalah. Variasi fatwa dari lembaga seperti DSN-MUI, AAOIFI, dan OIC Fiqh Academy menunjukkan perbedaan metodologis dalam menilai keabsahan kripto dan smart contract, yang berpotensi menghambat integrasi ekonomi syariah lintas negara. Artikel ini mengevaluasi titik temu dan perbedaan utama dalam fatwa global terkait blockchain, serta menawarkan model harmonisasi berbasis maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi pustaka dan analisis isi dengan pendekatan normatif dan komparatif terhadap dokumen resmi. Hasil menemukan kesepakatan pada pelarangan spekulasi berlebih dan perlunya aset dasar, namun terdapat perbedaan mencolok mengenai pengakuan token sebagai alat tukar dan status smart contract sebagai akad. Artikel mengusulkan kerangka harmonisasi yang mengintegrasikan prinsip syariah universal, mekanisme fatwa transnasional, dan kolaborasi antara pakar fiqh serta ahli teknologi untuk memperkuat kebijakan keuangan Islam yang adaptif terhadap transformasi digital. Temuan ini penting bagi pembuat kebijakan dan praktisi.

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