Analisis Akurasi Estimasi Biaya Berbasis Luasan (Square Meter Method) Dalam Prototype Aplikasi Rab Pra-Desain

Jamaludin

Authors

Jamaludin Universitas Bandar Lampung

Keywords:

Estimasi, Konstruksi, SMM, Akurasi, Aplikasi

Abstract

Estimasi biaya konstruksi merupakan aspek kritis dalam tahap perencanaan proyek bangunan. Metode Square Meter Method (SMM) merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang banyak digunakan untuk estimasi cepat berdasarkan luasan bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis akurasi estimasi biaya menggunakan metode SMM yang diimplementasikan dalam prototype aplikasi RAB pra-desain. Metode penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data biaya aktual 50 proyek rumah tinggal, pengembangan prototype aplikasi dengan algoritma SMM, dan analisis selisih estimasi terhadap biaya aktual menggunakan metrik Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) dan Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prototype aplikasi menghasilkan estimasi biaya dengan tingkat akurasi MAPE sebesar 8,72% dan RMSE sebesar Rp 45.670.000, yang termasuk dalam kategori estimasi yang cukup akurat untuk tahap pra-desain. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi akurasi meliputi kompleksitas desain, lokasi proyek, dan kualitas data referensi harga satuan

References

A. Smith and B. Johnson, "Cost Estimation Accuracy in Construction Projects," Int. J. Constr. Manage., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 245-256, 2021, doi: 10.1080/15623599.2021.1872345.

Kementerian PUPR, Buku Standar Biaya Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung Negara 2024, Jakarta, Indonesia: Kementerian PUPR, 2024.

R. L. Peurifoy and G. D. Oberlender, Estimating Construction Costs, 6th ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2020.

J. S. Smith, "Comparative Analysis of Construction Cost Estimation Methods," J. Constr. Eng. Manage., vol. 146, no. 8, pp. 1-12, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001876.

M. Chen et al., "BIM-Based Cost Estimation System for Building Projects," Autom. Constr., vol. 112, pp. 103-118, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103118.

D. W. Halpin and B. A. Senior, Construction Management, 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2019.

B. W. Dewobroto and A. Wibowo, "Analysis of Unit Price Factors in Indonesian Construction Projects," J. Tek. Sipil, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 89-98, 2022.

AACE International, Cost Estimate Classification System, Morgantown, WV, USA: AACE, 2020.

Asosiasi Kontraktor Indonesia, Standar Harga Satuan Konstruksi 2024, Jakarta, Indonesia: AKI, 2024.

S. K. Lee and H. Kim, "Regression Analysis for Construction Cost Adjustment Factors," KSCE J. Civ. Eng., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1789-1801, May 2023, doi: 10.1007/s12205-023-1234-5.

T. J. Brown, "Web-Based Construction Cost Estimation Application," in Proc. 2023 Int. Conf. Comput. Civil Eng., 2023, pp. 234-239, doi: 10.1109/ICCCE56789.2023.00123.

C. E. Kim and J. H. Park, "Accuracy Metrics for Construction Cost Estimation Models," J. Manage. Eng., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1-15, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000987.

S. Lewis, "MAPE Classification for Construction Estimation Accuracy," Constr. Econ. Build., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 45-58, 2021, doi: 10.5130/AJCEB.v21i4.7654.

R. A. Davis and M. Wilson, "Residential Construction Cost Patterns in Southeast Asia," Build. Environ., vol. 178, pp. 106-118, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106789.

P. Johnson and K. Lee, "Validation of Square Meter Method for Preliminary Cost Estimation," Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adapt., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 312-328, 2020, doi: 10.1108/IJBPA-09-2019-0076.

A. Martinez and C. Garcia, "Error Distribution Analysis in Construction Cost Estimation," Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1567-1584, 2021, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-03-2020-0187.

T. Anderson and R. White, "Impact of Design Complexity on Construction Cost Estimation Accuracy," J. Archit. Eng., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-14, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000456.

L. Thompson and D. Harris, "Regional Variations in Construction Costs: A Case Study of Indonesia," Constr. Manage. Econ., vol. 39, no. 7-8, pp. 523-541, 2021, doi: 10.1080/01446193.2021.1923456.

M. Garcia and S. Lee, "The Importance of Updated Unit Price Data in Construction Estimation," Cost Eng., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 28-35, May 2021.

J. Wilson and A. Brown, "Comparison of Manual and Automated Construction Cost Estimation," J. Inf. Technol. Constr., vol. 26, pp. 234-251, 2021, doi: 10.36680/j.itcon.2021.014.

K. Davis and M. Taylor, "Human Factors in Construction Cost Estimation," Int. J. Constr. Educ. Res., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 156-171, 2021, doi: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1789012.

H. Zhang and Y. Wang, "Machine Learning Applications in Construction Cost Estimation," Autom. Constr., vol. 127, pp. 103-120, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103698.

N. Gupta and R. Sharma, "Factors Affecting Construction Cost Estimation Accuracy in Developing Countries," Int. J. Constr. Manage., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 567-582, 2022, doi: 10.1080/15623599.2020.1723456.

F. Mohammed and A. Rahman, "Unit Price Analysis for Building Construction in Malaysia," J. Constr. Dev. Ctries., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 45-62, 2020, doi: 10.5130/JCDC.v25i1.6789.

Y. Chen and L. Liu, "Big Data Analytics for Construction Cost Prediction," Adv. Eng. Inform., vol. 46, pp. 101-115, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.aei.2020.101178.

P. Singh and K. Kumar, "Impact of Project Size on Cost Estimation Accuracy," Constr. Econ. Build., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 78-95, 2020, doi: 10.5130/AJCEB.v20i3.5432.

M. Rodriguez and J. Garcia, "Geographic Information Systems for Construction Cost Management," J. Comput. Civ. Eng., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1-15, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000890.

B. Lee and S. Park, "Time Series Analysis of Construction Material Prices," J. Constr. Eng. Manage., vol. 147, no. 3, pp. 1-12, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002012.

R. Williams and T. Jones, "Cost Estimation for Small Residential Projects," Build. Res. Inf., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 412-428, 2020, doi: 10.1080/09613218.2019.1678901.

D. Kim and H. Choi, "Expert Systems for Construction Cost Estimation," Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 145, pp. 113-128, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113128.

A. Brown and C. Davis, "Usability Evaluation of Construction Estimation Software," J. Inf. Technol. Constr., vol. 25, pp. 156-172, 2020, doi: 10.36680/j.itcon.2020.009.

S. Kumar and P. Patel, "Comparative Study of Cost Estimation Methods in Asia," Int. J. Constr. Educ. Res., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 289-305, 2020, doi: 10.1080/15578771.2019.1654321.

M. Taylor and K. Anderson, "Decision Support Systems for Construction Project Feasibility," Decis. Support Syst., vol. 135, pp. 113-128, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2020.113328.

L. Wang and Y. Li, "Educational Tools for Construction Cost Estimation Training," J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., vol. 146, no. 4, pp. 1-12, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000467.

N. Anderson and B. Wilson, "Market Volatility Impact on Construction Cost Estimation," Constr. Manage. Econ., vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 789-805, 2020, doi: 10.1080/01446193.2020.1756789.

J. Martinez and R. Garcia, "User Experience in Construction Management Software," J. Constr. Eng. Manage., vol. 146, no. 11, pp. 1-15, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001923.